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Trade unions in Ghana
Ghana has approximately 350,000 trade unions within a total workforce of around 9 million. There are two national trade union centers, the Trades Union Congress of Ghana and the Ghana Federation of Labour.〔(Country and Trade Union Profiles 2005/2006 ). International Confederation of Free Trade Unions-Regional Organisation (ICFTU-AFRO). Retrieved November 10, 2007.〕
==Pre-independence==
The first industrial action in Ghana - at the time still the British colony Gold Coast - was a strike by the country's miners in 1919. This led to a series of successful collective actions by workers.〔(Profile of the Labour Market and Trade Unions in Ghana ). LO/FTF Council. Retrieved September 2, 2007.〕 Permanent organizations were formed as well. Unions like the Gold and Silver Smith's Association, the Colony and Ashanti Motor Union, and the Carpenters and Masons Union were all founded in the 1920s.〔Powar, P. Komlar: (The Ghana Trade Union Congress: A Brief Report ). Friedrich Ebert Foundation Accra. Retrieved September 2, 2007.〕 The colonial government reacted by outlawing strikes.〔
In 1941, the Trade Union Ordinance of 1941 was enacted, legalizing the formation of trade unions in the colony. The British government encouraged the establishment of a national trade union center as it sought to avoid the kind of labor struggles that had accompanied the industrial revolution in Europe and North America. Hence, on September 8, 1945 the Gold Coast Trades Union Congress (TUC) was founded with an initial membership of 6,030 and fourteen affiliates at the offices of the Railway African Employees Union in Sekondi. It was largely an appendage of the ruling Convention People's Party (CPP).〔〔(FES Trade Union Reports: The Case of Ghana ). Friedrich Ebert Foundation. Retrieved September 2, 2007.〕 The struggle for better working conditions was soon coupled with calls for independence. After the Big Six, several pro-independence politicians, were arrested in 1948, the TUC called for a nationwide strike, which led to the release of the politicians, but also weakened the federation.〔
In 1954, the TUC launched an attempt to re-group and re-organize along industrial lines as well as a campaign to make the public aware of this move. This change was met with opposition by the union of the United Africa Company, partially the result of communist influence.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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